Behavioral Assessment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is becoming more prevalent every year, â€Å"with an incidence of about 100 to 300 per 100 000† (Konrad et al 2010). Mild traumatic brain injury or concussion can be the result of any minor trauma to the head from accident, sports related injury, blast injury, or fall. â€Å"Possible acute symptoms of mTBI comprise short-time unconsciousness, headache, dizziness, irritability, anxiety and impaired neuropsychological functions such as reduced attention, concentration or memory problems† (Evans, 1992; Hall et al. 2005 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). Some people who sustain a mTBI return to base level of function within hours and some take up to two months, there are even those that years later have not fully†¦show more content†¦The strengths of the study rested in the recruitment of the control subjects and the fact that the researchers collected pre-injury health and mental health data. The control subjects were retained b y advertisement and paired with the mTBI subjects by correlated gender, age (plus or minus 2 years), and level of educational achievement. All subjects participated in telephone screening which eliminated subjects with previous head trauma or diseases, and a MRI to exclude subjects with unknown brain lesions. The results showed significant differences between the control subjects and the mTBI subjects in cognitive functioning, with episodic memory being the most significant followed by working memory and attention (Konrad et al 2010). All subjects took the following battery neuropsychological and psychiatric tests. 1. German Version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT; Rey, 1964; Helmstaedter et al. 1996 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). 2. German Version of Tests for Attentional Performance (TAP; Zimmermann Fimm, 1992 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). 3. Trail Making Test Parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B; Reitan, 1958; Spreen Strauss, 1998 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). 4. AShow MoreRelatedTBI Case Study1548 Words   |  7 PagesLevel of consciousness (LOC), Altered mental status (AMS), Post traumatic amnesia (PTA), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were implemented in the evaluation of the severity of the TBI, as shown below: Mild (concussion) Moderate Severe Structural imaging: Normal Normal or abnormal Normal or abnormal LOC: 0–30 min Read More Exploring Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents (Yeates, 2005). The Center for Disease and Control (2010) reported an estimated 1.7 million individuals sustaining TBI annually with 51% of these injuries occurring during periods of cerebral development. Children (0-4 years), older adolescents (15-19 years) and older adults (65+ years) are most likely to sustain TBI (CDC, 2010). Brain injuries often lead to severe, pervasive, and potentially irreversibleRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2099 Words   |  9 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder is â€Å"a mental condition that can affect a person who has had a very shocking or difficult experience and that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, etc.† (Merriam-Webster’s, n.d.) Post-traumatic stress disorder ca n occur after seeing a dangerous event such as war, hurricanes, car accidents, death of a loved one, and violent crimes. It can affect a victim mind, body, and the people around them. While some mental disorders are genetic, this disorder come from

American Women and Community Free Essays

Prior to Aug. 26, 1920 women in the United States could not participate in the democratic process. Following the Civil War, American women wanted to have more input into the decisions that would impact their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on American Women and Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order for women to gain suffrage groups across the nation had to gather together and create a unified effort for change. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, the first formal conference for woman’s suffrage, challenged America to a revolution that would endure for more than seven decades before women actually were granted the right to vote. Convened by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott, the conventions aim was to empower women and invoke change through suffrage for women. Since the Civil War women had begun to feel the need to represent themselves and be able to participate in the decision making process which would affect their daily lives. â€Å"The catalyst for this gathering was the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in 1840 in London and attended by an American delegation which included a number of women. In attendance were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who were forced to sit in ther galleries as observers because they were women. This poor treatment did not rest well with these women of progressive thoughts, and it was decided that they would hold their own convention to discuss social, civil and religious rights of women, (, 2008,  ¶ 3). † The community of women who gathered in 1848 faced their first challenge in 1869 when the 15th amendment, which extended the right to vote to African-American men, was introduced and passed. â€Å"During the civil war, women’s suffrage was eclipsed by the war effort and movement for the abolition of slavery. While annual conventions were held on a regular basis, there was much discussion but little action. Activists such as slave-born Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B Anthony lectured and petitioned the government for the emancipation of slaves with the belief that, once the war was over, women and slaves alike would be granted the same rights as white men. At the end of the war, however, the government saw the suffrage of women and that of the Negro as two separate issues and it was decided that the Negro vote could produce the immediate political gain, particularly in the South, that the women’s vote could not, (, 2008,  ¶ 6). † Some women felt that they should support the 15th amendment as a victory which would bring women one step closer to voting. This faction of women’s suffrage supporters believed that after black men gained the right to vote there would be no barriers preventing women from gaining that right as well. Yet another faction felt that they could not endorse the amendment until they had been granted the right themselves. Two groups emerged, the National Woman Suffrage Association and Woman’s Suffrage Association. Both groups worked toward suffrage as well as securing property rights for married women and other institutional changes. Following the Civil War, women’s study groups flourished. These groups gave women access to education and an intellectual forum. By the early twentieth century communication was also more effective and women across the nation had more experiences and were generally better prepared to organize themselves, (Bauer, 1999). However, this was also a quiet time for the suffrage movement. It was not until 1914 when a younger generation of women began to hold street presentations, parades and other activism stunts to gain attention. In 1915 the National Woman’s Party formed and began to campaign against the party in power, (Bauer). At this time women were being arrested for their action and in jail some were mistreated. The mistreatment of women gained much attention creating public sympathy for the suffragists. Although World War I slowed the progression of suffrage by 1919 women the 19th amendment was officially passed. By Aug. 26, 1920 then President Woodrow Wilson ratified the amendment allowing women to enter the polls for the first time in the United States. References (2008). The History of Women’s Suffrage. History . Retrieved from www. history. com Bauer, H. (1999). The Priviledge for Which We Struggled. Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press. How to cite American Women and Community, Papers

Cuba Essay Research Paper CUBA free essay sample

Cuba Essay, Research Paper CUBA A Cuba fue EL lugar que los espanoles llegaron cuando EL feudalismo epoch todavia EL sistema socio economico dominante. Los primero esfuerzos de los espanoles en el piranha no fueron de mucha ganancia, basados en el mercantilismo primitivo del renacimiento. De todas formas Espana empezo el proceso de extension del mercado europeo Al nuevo contiente, pero La mentalidad feudalista limito seriamente la iniciativa y capacidad de los comerciantes y colonizadores que llegaron. Ellos se movieron rapido Al continente en busca del oro Y plata, este exito cego a los espanoles de la potencial riqueza de la fertilidad del Caribe. Los espanoles destruyeron en el Caribe la poblacion nativa, dejando islas vacantes para la explotacion por los rivales de Espana ( Franceses e Ingleses ) . En el Caso de Cuba el suceso economico del monocultivo en el siglo XVlll impidio EL desarrollo de economias mas diversificadas. Donde azucar u otros cultivos fueron mom exitosos se justifico EL monocultivo con l a teoria de ventaja comparativa, la agricultura tropical Se caracterizo por todo lo que fuera con ella, incluida esclavitud, dependencia en inversiones extranjeras y mercados, duenos ausentes, y clase rural trabajadora empobrecida. Espana mantuvo en Sus colonias del Caribe una economia orientada a La subsistencia, en una forma mom feudal que capitalista. La transition del plantio del tabaco Al azucar resulto en menos pero mom grandes plantaciones y el desplazamiento de plantadores y trabajadores que no tenian EL capital necesario parity invertir en la produccion Y procesamiento del azucar. Asi se desarollo en las colonias de Espana lo que paso a llamarse haciendas O plantaciones, simbolizando uno de los sistemas socieconomicos mom grande que Han dominado el oeste desde La edad media.La hacienda estaba dedicada a La agricultura de subsitencia, que contemplaba EL consumo interno. Fue administrada por una familia que vivia en EL lugar. Ideologicamente fue autosuficiente, una unidad economica completa, independiente del resto. Los duenos de estos estados favorecian un sistema politician Y economico descentralizado, con poco compromiso con EL estado cardinal. La hacienda fue tradicional nut muchas formas, incluso L a relacion entre el dueno y la fuerza de trabajo. Trabajadores eran usualmente siervos, a menudo indios en estos estados Agricolas intensivos. En Cuba el dueno criollo mantuvo La institucion feudal, como La encomienda O repartimiento, que mantenia Al Indio O ladino bajo su control. El progreso fue de segunda importancia en estos estados, las cuales tendian a repetir La experiencia economica del pasado en vez de experimentar con nuevas formas. El objetivo fue to preservar los estilos de vida existentes y defenderse en contra de cambios amenazadores. A menudo La falta de capital O deudas, no permitia a los duenos invertir en maquinaria O comprar esclavos, asi que aunque criollos hubieran tenido interes en convertir Sus estados en plantaciones no tuvieron recursos parity lograrlo. La agricultura cubana desde La conquista hour angle sido largamente sostenida en la naturaleza, aunque en el siglo dieciocho exportaba respetables cantidades de tabaco, cafe Y azucar. Durante 1630 hasta EL 16 40 hubo un cambio nut EL cultivo con una inversion de capital en EL azucar que su demanda crecia rapidamente en Europa. La produccion cubana surgio en ascenso Durante EL ultimo tercio del siglo dieciocho acompanada con La rapida importacion de esclavos africanos. Con su ventajosa posicion parity penetrar EL mercado norteamericano, en el siglo diecinueve, Cuba disfruto de una remaracada suba en la exportacion de todos estos productos en la llamada era de oro de la historia economica Cubana, dando prosperidad parity los comerciantes y hacendados de la Isla. El rapido crecimiento del trabajo de esclavos no produjo un inmediato sacudida en Cuba como ocurrio en Haiti o en las Islas Britanicas, de esta manera los comerciantes tomaron ventaja de las dificultades que atormentarian pronto Las Islas Britanicas y Francesas. En La mitad del siglo diecinueve, Cuba seria el productor lider del azucar, en un modelo en el cual estrecharia una cercana relacion dependiente con norteamerica. Mientras tanto, la independencia de Haiti y posteriormente la abolicion de la esclavitud en las Islas Britanicas alteraria significativamente la produccion de azucar en esas islas. Ellos entraron a un largo diminution economico del cual en ciertos aspectos no Se han podido recuperar.Cuba como un caso historico de produccion de azucar ofrece el mejor ejemplo de la evolucion de la sociedad de plantacion en el siglo diecinueve Y veinte, al Haber pasado a crossbeams de una serie de cambios economicos revolucionarios esenciales.. Cuba prospero Y Se diversifico, especialmente desde 1818 hasta EL 1834, cuando Cuba no pudo seguir el ejemplo de Latinoamerica en expulsar de sus tierras al reino espanol. Una combinacion de los beneficios de las politicas economicas liberales espanolas y EL miedo a repetir La insurreccion de esclavos h aitiana explica la lealtad de los criollos cubanos en ese tiempo. En 1850 Cuba pasaria a ser La plantacion economica fuertemente dependiente en trabajadores esclavos parity la exportacion de azucar principalmente parity norteamerica. En 1868 Cuba producia un tercio del azucar mundial. De cualquier manera esta tierra desplazo largos numeros de trabajadores y pequenos agricultores, que cada vez mom constituian una Masa de descontento, llendo hacia La Habana Y otras ciudades disponibles para apoyar un cambio a La soberania espanola. En los siguientes 10 Fatah Revolutionary Council de guerra Cuba fallo en conseguir su independencia pero resulto en la merecida emancipacion de los esclavos en 1886 que distorsiono La produccion Cubana de azucar, exponiendose a nuevos competidores, como la cana de Hawaii y otros nuevos exportadores. El ciclo de dependencia en mercado e inversion de capital Es familiar nut La part. Mientras que EL azucar cubano ofrece el ejemplo mom claro de las posibles con secuencias, menos dramaticos ejemplos abundan en la produccion de banana y otros cultivos. El costo societal del control por extranjeros de las plantaciones ha llevado generalmente a reacciones a nivel nacional Contra los extranjeros. Ironicamente, los cambios sustanciales en salud, salarios, beneficios medicos, y comercio que Han acompanado la sociedad de plantacion Han permitido EL alzamiento en contra del capital extranjero por parte de la clase media Y trabajadora. 310