Behavioral Assessment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is becoming more prevalent every year, â€Å"with an incidence of about 100 to 300 per 100 000† (Konrad et al 2010). Mild traumatic brain injury or concussion can be the result of any minor trauma to the head from accident, sports related injury, blast injury, or fall. â€Å"Possible acute symptoms of mTBI comprise short-time unconsciousness, headache, dizziness, irritability, anxiety and impaired neuropsychological functions such as reduced attention, concentration or memory problems† (Evans, 1992; Hall et al. 2005 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). Some people who sustain a mTBI return to base level of function within hours and some take up to two months, there are even those that years later have not fully†¦show more content†¦The strengths of the study rested in the recruitment of the control subjects and the fact that the researchers collected pre-injury health and mental health data. The control subjects were retained b y advertisement and paired with the mTBI subjects by correlated gender, age (plus or minus 2 years), and level of educational achievement. All subjects participated in telephone screening which eliminated subjects with previous head trauma or diseases, and a MRI to exclude subjects with unknown brain lesions. The results showed significant differences between the control subjects and the mTBI subjects in cognitive functioning, with episodic memory being the most significant followed by working memory and attention (Konrad et al 2010). All subjects took the following battery neuropsychological and psychiatric tests. 1. German Version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT; Rey, 1964; Helmstaedter et al. 1996 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). 2. German Version of Tests for Attentional Performance (TAP; Zimmermann Fimm, 1992 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). 3. Trail Making Test Parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B; Reitan, 1958; Spreen Strauss, 1998 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). 4. AShow MoreRelatedTBI Case Study1548 Words   |  7 PagesLevel of consciousness (LOC), Altered mental status (AMS), Post traumatic amnesia (PTA), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were implemented in the evaluation of the severity of the TBI, as shown below: Mild (concussion) Moderate Severe Structural imaging: Normal Normal or abnormal Normal or abnormal LOC: 0–30 min Read More Exploring Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents (Yeates, 2005). The Center for Disease and Control (2010) reported an estimated 1.7 million individuals sustaining TBI annually with 51% of these injuries occurring during periods of cerebral development. Children (0-4 years), older adolescents (15-19 years) and older adults (65+ years) are most likely to sustain TBI (CDC, 2010). Brain injuries often lead to severe, pervasive, and potentially irreversibleRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2099 Words   |  9 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder is â€Å"a mental condition that can affect a person who has had a very shocking or difficult experience and that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, etc.† (Merriam-Webster’s, n.d.) Post-traumatic stress disorder ca n occur after seeing a dangerous event such as war, hurricanes, car accidents, death of a loved one, and violent crimes. It can affect a victim mind, body, and the people around them. While some mental disorders are genetic, this disorder come from

American Women and Community Free Essays

Prior to Aug. 26, 1920 women in the United States could not participate in the democratic process. Following the Civil War, American women wanted to have more input into the decisions that would impact their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on American Women and Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order for women to gain suffrage groups across the nation had to gather together and create a unified effort for change. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, the first formal conference for woman’s suffrage, challenged America to a revolution that would endure for more than seven decades before women actually were granted the right to vote. Convened by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott, the conventions aim was to empower women and invoke change through suffrage for women. Since the Civil War women had begun to feel the need to represent themselves and be able to participate in the decision making process which would affect their daily lives. â€Å"The catalyst for this gathering was the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in 1840 in London and attended by an American delegation which included a number of women. In attendance were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who were forced to sit in ther galleries as observers because they were women. This poor treatment did not rest well with these women of progressive thoughts, and it was decided that they would hold their own convention to discuss social, civil and religious rights of women, (, 2008,  ¶ 3). † The community of women who gathered in 1848 faced their first challenge in 1869 when the 15th amendment, which extended the right to vote to African-American men, was introduced and passed. â€Å"During the civil war, women’s suffrage was eclipsed by the war effort and movement for the abolition of slavery. While annual conventions were held on a regular basis, there was much discussion but little action. Activists such as slave-born Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B Anthony lectured and petitioned the government for the emancipation of slaves with the belief that, once the war was over, women and slaves alike would be granted the same rights as white men. At the end of the war, however, the government saw the suffrage of women and that of the Negro as two separate issues and it was decided that the Negro vote could produce the immediate political gain, particularly in the South, that the women’s vote could not, (, 2008,  ¶ 6). † Some women felt that they should support the 15th amendment as a victory which would bring women one step closer to voting. This faction of women’s suffrage supporters believed that after black men gained the right to vote there would be no barriers preventing women from gaining that right as well. Yet another faction felt that they could not endorse the amendment until they had been granted the right themselves. Two groups emerged, the National Woman Suffrage Association and Woman’s Suffrage Association. Both groups worked toward suffrage as well as securing property rights for married women and other institutional changes. Following the Civil War, women’s study groups flourished. These groups gave women access to education and an intellectual forum. By the early twentieth century communication was also more effective and women across the nation had more experiences and were generally better prepared to organize themselves, (Bauer, 1999). However, this was also a quiet time for the suffrage movement. It was not until 1914 when a younger generation of women began to hold street presentations, parades and other activism stunts to gain attention. In 1915 the National Woman’s Party formed and began to campaign against the party in power, (Bauer). At this time women were being arrested for their action and in jail some were mistreated. The mistreatment of women gained much attention creating public sympathy for the suffragists. Although World War I slowed the progression of suffrage by 1919 women the 19th amendment was officially passed. By Aug. 26, 1920 then President Woodrow Wilson ratified the amendment allowing women to enter the polls for the first time in the United States. References (2008). The History of Women’s Suffrage. History . Retrieved from www. history. com Bauer, H. (1999). The Priviledge for Which We Struggled. Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press. How to cite American Women and Community, Papers

Cuba Essay Research Paper CUBA free essay sample

Cuba Essay, Research Paper CUBA A Cuba fue EL lugar que los espanoles llegaron cuando EL feudalismo epoch todavia EL sistema socio economico dominante. Los primero esfuerzos de los espanoles en el piranha no fueron de mucha ganancia, basados en el mercantilismo primitivo del renacimiento. De todas formas Espana empezo el proceso de extension del mercado europeo Al nuevo contiente, pero La mentalidad feudalista limito seriamente la iniciativa y capacidad de los comerciantes y colonizadores que llegaron. Ellos se movieron rapido Al continente en busca del oro Y plata, este exito cego a los espanoles de la potencial riqueza de la fertilidad del Caribe. Los espanoles destruyeron en el Caribe la poblacion nativa, dejando islas vacantes para la explotacion por los rivales de Espana ( Franceses e Ingleses ) . En el Caso de Cuba el suceso economico del monocultivo en el siglo XVlll impidio EL desarrollo de economias mas diversificadas. Donde azucar u otros cultivos fueron mom exitosos se justifico EL monocultivo con l a teoria de ventaja comparativa, la agricultura tropical Se caracterizo por todo lo que fuera con ella, incluida esclavitud, dependencia en inversiones extranjeras y mercados, duenos ausentes, y clase rural trabajadora empobrecida. Espana mantuvo en Sus colonias del Caribe una economia orientada a La subsistencia, en una forma mom feudal que capitalista. La transition del plantio del tabaco Al azucar resulto en menos pero mom grandes plantaciones y el desplazamiento de plantadores y trabajadores que no tenian EL capital necesario parity invertir en la produccion Y procesamiento del azucar. Asi se desarollo en las colonias de Espana lo que paso a llamarse haciendas O plantaciones, simbolizando uno de los sistemas socieconomicos mom grande que Han dominado el oeste desde La edad media.La hacienda estaba dedicada a La agricultura de subsitencia, que contemplaba EL consumo interno. Fue administrada por una familia que vivia en EL lugar. Ideologicamente fue autosuficiente, una unidad economica completa, independiente del resto. Los duenos de estos estados favorecian un sistema politician Y economico descentralizado, con poco compromiso con EL estado cardinal. La hacienda fue tradicional nut muchas formas, incluso L a relacion entre el dueno y la fuerza de trabajo. Trabajadores eran usualmente siervos, a menudo indios en estos estados Agricolas intensivos. En Cuba el dueno criollo mantuvo La institucion feudal, como La encomienda O repartimiento, que mantenia Al Indio O ladino bajo su control. El progreso fue de segunda importancia en estos estados, las cuales tendian a repetir La experiencia economica del pasado en vez de experimentar con nuevas formas. El objetivo fue to preservar los estilos de vida existentes y defenderse en contra de cambios amenazadores. A menudo La falta de capital O deudas, no permitia a los duenos invertir en maquinaria O comprar esclavos, asi que aunque criollos hubieran tenido interes en convertir Sus estados en plantaciones no tuvieron recursos parity lograrlo. La agricultura cubana desde La conquista hour angle sido largamente sostenida en la naturaleza, aunque en el siglo dieciocho exportaba respetables cantidades de tabaco, cafe Y azucar. Durante 1630 hasta EL 16 40 hubo un cambio nut EL cultivo con una inversion de capital en EL azucar que su demanda crecia rapidamente en Europa. La produccion cubana surgio en ascenso Durante EL ultimo tercio del siglo dieciocho acompanada con La rapida importacion de esclavos africanos. Con su ventajosa posicion parity penetrar EL mercado norteamericano, en el siglo diecinueve, Cuba disfruto de una remaracada suba en la exportacion de todos estos productos en la llamada era de oro de la historia economica Cubana, dando prosperidad parity los comerciantes y hacendados de la Isla. El rapido crecimiento del trabajo de esclavos no produjo un inmediato sacudida en Cuba como ocurrio en Haiti o en las Islas Britanicas, de esta manera los comerciantes tomaron ventaja de las dificultades que atormentarian pronto Las Islas Britanicas y Francesas. En La mitad del siglo diecinueve, Cuba seria el productor lider del azucar, en un modelo en el cual estrecharia una cercana relacion dependiente con norteamerica. Mientras tanto, la independencia de Haiti y posteriormente la abolicion de la esclavitud en las Islas Britanicas alteraria significativamente la produccion de azucar en esas islas. Ellos entraron a un largo diminution economico del cual en ciertos aspectos no Se han podido recuperar.Cuba como un caso historico de produccion de azucar ofrece el mejor ejemplo de la evolucion de la sociedad de plantacion en el siglo diecinueve Y veinte, al Haber pasado a crossbeams de una serie de cambios economicos revolucionarios esenciales.. Cuba prospero Y Se diversifico, especialmente desde 1818 hasta EL 1834, cuando Cuba no pudo seguir el ejemplo de Latinoamerica en expulsar de sus tierras al reino espanol. Una combinacion de los beneficios de las politicas economicas liberales espanolas y EL miedo a repetir La insurreccion de esclavos h aitiana explica la lealtad de los criollos cubanos en ese tiempo. En 1850 Cuba pasaria a ser La plantacion economica fuertemente dependiente en trabajadores esclavos parity la exportacion de azucar principalmente parity norteamerica. En 1868 Cuba producia un tercio del azucar mundial. De cualquier manera esta tierra desplazo largos numeros de trabajadores y pequenos agricultores, que cada vez mom constituian una Masa de descontento, llendo hacia La Habana Y otras ciudades disponibles para apoyar un cambio a La soberania espanola. En los siguientes 10 Fatah Revolutionary Council de guerra Cuba fallo en conseguir su independencia pero resulto en la merecida emancipacion de los esclavos en 1886 que distorsiono La produccion Cubana de azucar, exponiendose a nuevos competidores, como la cana de Hawaii y otros nuevos exportadores. El ciclo de dependencia en mercado e inversion de capital Es familiar nut La part. Mientras que EL azucar cubano ofrece el ejemplo mom claro de las posibles con secuencias, menos dramaticos ejemplos abundan en la produccion de banana y otros cultivos. El costo societal del control por extranjeros de las plantaciones ha llevado generalmente a reacciones a nivel nacional Contra los extranjeros. Ironicamente, los cambios sustanciales en salud, salarios, beneficios medicos, y comercio que Han acompanado la sociedad de plantacion Han permitido EL alzamiento en contra del capital extranjero por parte de la clase media Y trabajadora. 310

Transpiration Lab Report Essay Example

Transpiration Lab Report Paper When water is transported from the roots to the mesosphere cells in the leaves, it is evaporates out the stomata, called transpiration, to create a lower osmotic potential. Osmotic potential is the part of the water potential of a tissue that results from the presence of solute particles. Even though the stomata open to release water, it also brings in carbon dioxide to produce sugar and oxygen through a process of photosynthesis. The water absorbed by the roots is moved by osmosis, root pressure, adhesion, and cohesion from high to low areas of water potential. From the roots, water is transported with osmosis with a pressure pulling the water and minerals up towards the leaves. It is the transpiration pull moving it up with the help of cohesion and adhesion. Transpiration decreases the water potential causing water to move in and pull upward into the leaves and other areas of low water potential. Loss of water through transpiration can be facilitated by the opening and closing of the stomata depending on environmental condition. The rate of transpiration depends on several environmental factors such as light, humidity, temperature, ND air movement, while the rate of evaporation depends on the water potential gradient, which is contributed by gravity, pressure, and solute concentration. The purpose of this experiment is to measure pressure changes on the different types of environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration. Hypothesis If the temperature of an environment increases, then the rate of transpiration in plants will increase and will reduce the surface area of leaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Transpiration Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Transpiration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Transpiration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Materials This lab requires a Labiates, Fernier Gas Pressure Sensor, utility clamps, ring tan, a leaf with its stem, plastic tubing clamps, a pipette, a refrigerator, 300 millimeter beaker, plastic syringe, water, and graphing paper. Procedures First, connect the utility clamp on the ring stand with the Gas Pressure Sensor. Then, connect the plastic syringe to one end of the 36-42 centimeter plastic tube. Place the other end of the tube in a 300 millimeter beaker of water. Then, use the syringe to draw water up into the tube until it is full. After that, connect the plastic tubing clamp on the tube. While bending the tube to make it into a U awards the sky, remove the syringe without spilling any water. Then, put the leaf with its stem in the opening of the tube with the end with the plastic tubing clamp. Carefully push the stem down of tube without spilling, and then squeeze the clamp shut. Then, connect the plastic tube to the Gas Pressure Sensor. There should be a mark on the tube at the starting water to remember for refill later on. Then, the Sensor should be connected to the Labiates. Collect data for fifteen minutes for the pressure. Then, place the leaf onto graphing paper and trace it. Find the number of surface area. After that, place the leaf in a refrigerator. Clean up the materials and return the next day. Take the leaf out of the refrigerator and set up the equipment again. Connect in the Labiates, and then find the data of the pressure for fifteen minutes. Then, place the leaf onto graphing paper and trace it. After that, calculate the surface area of the refrigerated leaf. Remember to record down other classmates variables of their different environmental conditions. Plants have adaptations to enable them to increase and decrease water lost including the shedding of leaves in colder temperatures, the peeing and closing of the stomata, thicker cuticles, and different shape of leaves depending on the environment. An advantage of closed stomata on a plant is that the plant loses water through the stomata; however to save the water it can close it. A disadvantage is that the open stomata takes in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, but when it is closed it cannot take in carbon dioxide. The light and the fan decreased the water potential in the leaves and water moved up the stem by the transpiration pull. Conclusions During this experiment, it was found out that as temperature increases, the remonstration increased as well and as temperature decreases, the transpiration decreased as well. Therefore, this supports the hypothesis. For the class, it was found out that as sunlight increased, transpiration increased. As wind increased, transpiration increased. As humidity increased, however, transpiration decreased. These conditions led to the increased water potential gradient which causes the transpiration pull to be stronger. The control plant for all of these conditions should be the one with the most normal and stable environment. In this experiment, there were a few experimental errors such as measurement errors and incorrect us of equipment. The sensor valve was connected to the plastic tubing too early, and therefore the lab had to be restarted. There were also some technical difficulties with the Labiates because the time length was set differently than the instructions. To improve this experiment, there should two experimental temperature conditions. One was the refrigerator and the other one should be beside a heater. This will allow one to see the difference temperature changes of hot, room temperature, and cold.

Garth Brooks essays

Garth Brooks essays Troyal Garth Brooks was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma of February 7, 1962. He was raised in Yukon about one hundred miles away from Tulsa. Ray, his father, worked as a draughtsman for an oil company while his mother Colleen was a country singer in the 1950s and appeared on radio and television show, as well as recording various recordings for Capital Records. Country music played a role in the Brooks' household, but not a dominant one. But, by the time Garth was born, his mother had retired from a professional career and the Brooks' house reverberated with as much rock and pop music as country. Garth went to Yukon High School and played four sports: football, basketball, baseball and track. He went to college at Oklahoma State in Stillwater and no set plans for a music career. It was in 1984, when Garth realized that his sports career was not going anywhere, so he majored in advertising, took some marketing classes, and started to take music seriously. He began to perform in bars and honky-tonks around Stillwater. In the summer of 1985, he left for Nashville and a career in country music, but returned home four days later rejected. After, he joined a local band Santa Fe as the lead singer. During this time Garth became big fans of singer-writers James Taylor, Dan Fogelberg, rock bands Boston and Kansas, and country singer George Strait. In 1986, Garth married Sandy Mahl. They met when Garth worked as a bouncer at a bar. Then in 1987, Garth, with his new wife, and Santa Fe, moved to Nashville. After recording many demos for publishers, Garth signed a writer's contract in November of 1987 and soon after met Bob Doyle, who later became his manager. It was Doyle who paid the entry fee to a Bluebird Cafe. The performance at this Cafe earned Garth his first record deal with Capital Records. He then released his album Garth Brooks in 1989. This album gave no indication of what was in store for Garth down the road. During th ...

Buyer Remedies Of A Contract

Buyer Remedies Of A Contract Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Buyer Remedies Of A Contract The general rules of a contract required from either the seller or the buyer is to comply with their obligations. Therefore, the seller is expected to do his obligation and the buyer is also expected to oblige, but sometimes one party may breach the contract in many ways. For example, the seller may deliver the goods to the buyer late or the delivered goods fail to conform to the standards which are set by the agreement between them. However, in some cases the buyer may breach the contract by not paying the price of the goods.   [ 1 ]   When the breach of contract happens, the injured party may claim for remedies or damages which are available to both the buyer and the seller. This essay, however, will only deal with the buyer remedies. (perhaps say why) It may be generally said that if the parties have not chosen remedies in their contractual relationship, the law which governs the contract will apply in this case. It appears that the remedies whi ch are available for the buyer for breach of contract are different from form to form.   [ 2 ]   These remedies for instance seem to be more elaborated in the Vienna Convention 1980 on Contract for The International Sale of Goods (CISG) compared with English Sale of Goods Act 1979.   [ 3 ]   Therefore the buyer under the CISG has many remedies such as specific performance, more time (Nachfrist) and price reduction. However, under the (SGA) 1979 these remedies are very limited such as termination and damages.   [ 4 ]   It could be said that this difference for the buyer remedies existence due to the CISG being designed to consider the characteristics of the international trade such as the long distance between the parties which increases the cost of transportation.   [ 5 ]    This paper will not examine all the buyer remedies, instead it will just examine one remedy: specific performance. This will be analyzed in two different approaches which are the CISG approach an d the common law approach, in particular the English law act (SGA 1979). Additionally, there has been much debate about whether the specific performance remedy under the Vienna Convention is more useful than the specific performance remedy under the English Law for international sales transactions. Hence, this paper is going to examine and analyze this argument in more detail. Specific Performance under the Vienna Convention on contract for the International Sale Of Goods One of the buyer remedies is specific performance. The main provision dealing with this remedy is Article 46, which states that: (1) The buyer may require performance by the seller of his obligations unless the buyer has resorted to remedy which is inconsistent with this requirement. (2) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require delivery of substitute goods only if the lack of conformity constitutes a fundamental breach of contract and a request for substitute goods is made either in conj unction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter. (3) If the goods do not conform to contract, the buyer may require the seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair, unless this is unreasonable having regard to all the circumstances. A request for repair must be made either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter.   [ 6 ]

Why do we have to pay $3 for a gallon of gas Research Paper

Why do we have to pay $3 for a gallon of gas - Research Paper Example It is important to note that the oil prices are dependent on the six super major companies of oil and gas. These super majors are BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell and Total. Oil accumulates between various layers of the porous rocks or other subsurface. Thus, the main idea is to locate the right convergence necessary in creating the required oil pool. Geologists find possible oil locations to explore through aerial photographs. Initially, oil wells were drilled at random locations or around other established oil wells. However, now oil is located using a vibrator to cause vibrations that geologists listen to and process data using computers into seismic lines. Once a location is found, then the explorers now undertake the drilling process. After drilling the oil well, a measuring device is then lowered into this oil hole and the information about the earth properties are gathered (Research, 214). This information includes such aspects as the density, type of rock that is present and the fluid contained in the rocks. After finding this information, if the hole is promising, then the drilling process is continued. If this hole is not a good location requi red, then the hole is filled up and the entire process begins all over again. Main sources of oil drills The world gets its daily ration of over 85 million oil barrels from over 4000 fields. Most of these are small with less than 20000 barrels each day. However, there are major oil giants that produce over 100000bpd. Then there is the category of the mega fields that produce over 1000000 bpd. These are recognized as the most important sources of oil in the world. The top most of these mega oil giants is the Ghawar in Saudi Arabia. It accounts for over 100 billion oil barrels. It is 160 miles long and 16 miles in width. The secret to the reservoirs longetivity is its water injection. From the 1960s. Saudi Armco commenced injecting water underneath the